GOVERNMENT DEBT SOARS
As government debt、賡oars,you have to pinch yourself to remember that only 10 years ago investors worried that western government bond markets were shrinking so fast that they might disappear. There was even talk that triple、贏(yíng)AA rated corporate bonds would eventually replace Treasuries as global debt benchmarks. Indeed,in 2000 net global issuance of government debt was a mere $250bn. This year alone the UK will issue a third more than that;Eurozone governments almost six times as much. It has been an open question how long this can continue before investors go on strike,rising indebtedness saps economic growth,and inflation takes off. But now,③from the、躤conomists who wrote the book on the impact of financial crises on public finances, comes a suggested answer-and a warning. After examining the record of 44 countries for more than 200 years,Kenneth Rogoff,former International Monetary Fund chief economist,and Carmen Reinhart,a colleague,found little link between rising public debt and higher inflation in developed countries. That should、輘oothe the inflation anxiety of some investors. They also found little relationship between debt and economic growth-so long as gross public debt stayed under 90 per cent of gross domestic product. That gets the US and the UK,with debt to GDP ratios of 84 per cent and 72 respectively,⑥off the hook for now. But when debt rises above that level,average growth drops by as much as 2 percentage points. Moreover,such high levels of debt were usually only reached during big wars. This debt build-up,by contrast,is in a time of relative peace.Use the latest IMF projections and Washington has only a year before it breaches the 90 per cent danger mark and needs to reholster its cheque book; London at best two.
譯文梗概
美英政府債務(wù)逼近“警戒水平”
隨著(zhù)政府債務(wù)激增,你得掐一下自己才會(huì )記起:就在10年前,投資者還擔心西方政府債券市場(chǎng)萎縮得太快,有可能會(huì )蕩然無(wú)存。美國曾考慮是否應取消30年期國債。甚至曾有傳言稱(chēng),AAA級公司債最終將取代美國國債成為全球債務(wù)基準。事實(shí)上,2000年全球政府債務(wù)凈發(fā)行額只有2500億美元。僅在今年,英國的發(fā)行額就將比這多出1/3;歐元區政府的發(fā)行額幾乎是它的6倍。 在投資者抵制債市、高漲的債務(wù)負擔拖累經(jīng)濟增長(cháng)及通脹走高之前,上述局面能維持多久?這個(gè)問(wèn)題始終沒(méi)有得到解答。不過(guò),著(zhù)書(shū)闡述金融危機對公共財政影響的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家,如今提出了一個(gè)暗示性的答案和一項警告。 考查了44個(gè)國家200年間的記錄后,國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)前首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家肯尼思·羅格夫(Kenneth Rogoff)和同事卡門(mén)·萊因哈特(Carmen Reinhart)發(fā)現,在發(fā)達國家,政府債務(wù)增加與通脹上升之間幾乎沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。一些投資者對通脹的憂(yōu)慮應該會(huì )因此得到緩解。二人還發(fā)現,只要政府債務(wù)總額與國內生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)的比例保持在90%以下,債務(wù)與經(jīng)濟增長(cháng)之間沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系。這使美國與英國暫時(shí)脫離了險境——兩國債務(wù)與GDP的比例分別為84%和72%。 然而,當債務(wù)負擔超過(guò)上述水平時(shí),平均經(jīng)濟增幅就會(huì )下降最多兩個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。此外,如此高的債務(wù)水平過(guò)去通常只出現在大戰時(shí)期。相反,當前的債務(wù)增長(cháng)卻出現在相對和平的時(shí)期。根據IMF的最新預測,只要再過(guò)一年,華盛頓的債務(wù)比例就會(huì )突破90%的“警戒水平”,因此必須著(zhù)手重整本國財政;留給倫敦的時(shí)間則最多只有兩年。
(文章來(lái)源:FT中文網(wǎng))
點(diǎn)評
、賁oar,意為rise /increase swiftly or powerfully,“猛增”,與本句中的shrink形成對照,shrink意為decrease in size/scale/value,etc.“(規;蛘邇r(jià)值等方面的)萎縮” 、贏(yíng)AA,top rating for bonds of the highest quality awarded by the main rating agencies:Standard & Poor‘s,Moody’s and Fitch IBCA.給予優(yōu)質(zhì)債券的最高評級。由標準普爾、穆迪和惠譽(yù)國際等主要評級機構評定。 、蹌澗(xiàn)部分為狀語(yǔ)前置引起的倒裝結構,正常語(yǔ)序應該為:A suggested answer-and a warning,comes from the economists who wrote the book on the impact of financial crises on public finances. 、躤conomists其后緊接一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,由于先行詞為人且作主語(yǔ),所以引導詞用who. 、輘oothe,意為to relieve or assuage(pain or longing),“減緩(疼痛、不安等)”,在此是減緩通脹引發(fā)的投資者的擔憂(yōu)。 、辭ff the hook本意為脫離掛鉤,hook在此寓意即為下一段中的danger mark,“警戒水平”。 |